Zuag qhia tag nrho Kev Tshuaj Xyuas Tsev

 

 

 

Kev tshuaj xyuas tag nrho yog ua raws li kev ncaj ncees ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem, kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ntau lub subsystems, thiab ua raws li cov qauv kev ua tau zoo. Nws tau muab faib ua tsib qhov ntev: lub hauv paus thiab qhov chaw, cov qauv tseem ceeb sab saud, lub kaw lus thiab cov txheej txheem ntxiv, kev soj ntsuam kev ua tau zoo tag nrho, thiab kev tshuaj xyuas qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb. Kev soj ntsuam cov ntsiab lus ntawm txhua qhov ntev yog sib cuam tshuam los ua ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas tag nrho, npog tag nrho cov khoom ntawm lub tsev yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam.

(1) Lub hauv paus thiab kev tshuaj xyuas qhov chaw tag nrho

Lub hauv paus yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev ruaj ntseg tag nrho ntawm ib lub tsev. Kev ntsuam xyuas tsom mus rau tag nrho kev sib haum xeeb, lub hauv paus muaj peev xwm, thiab lub hauv paus kev ncaj ncees kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj tag nrho rau cov qauv sab saud los ntawm cov teeb meem hauv paus.

Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Geological: Tshawb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb ntawm thaj chaw geological, kev hloov pauv hauv cov dej hauv av, cov kab dej nyob ib puag ncig, txheeb xyuas qhov xwm txheej geological xws li av tawg, tawg, thiab karst, thiab ntsuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev tag nrho;

Kev tshuaj xyuas tag nrho: tshuaj xyuas hom lub hauv paus (strip / ywj siab / raft / pawg hauv paus), qhov loj me thiab faus qhov tob, tshawb xyuas qhov tsis xws li lub hauv paus tawg, xoob, corrosion, tsis sib xws voids, thiab lwm yam., tshuaj xyuas qhov kev ncaj ncees ntawm pawg hauv paus lub cev, thiab ib pawg kabmob muaj peev xwm (ua haujlwm zoo li qub / tsis tshua muaj zog kuaj raws li xav tau);

Zuag qhia tag nrho kev sib haum xeeb thiab tsis sib haum xeeb nrhiav pom: Teeb tsa cov ntsiab lus soj ntsuam nrog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov phab ntsa sab nrauv ntawm lub tsev (tus lej txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov loj / zoo li lub tsev, feem ntau Zoo dua lossis sib npaug rau 6), siv qib los ua ib qho kev sib haum xeeb nrhiav kom pom, xam qhov sib txawv thiab kev sib haum xeeb, thiab txiav txim siab seb puas muaj kev sib haum xeeb ntawm kev sib haum xeeb los yog kev sib haum xeeb (L. 0.002L, thav duab qauv Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug ntawm 0.003L, L yog qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntsuas uas nyob ib sab);

Kev pov thawj ntawm tag nrho cov kabmob muaj peev xwm ntawm lub hauv paus: Raws li nyob rau ntawm - cov ntaub ntawv tshuaj xyuas qhov chaw, txheeb xyuas tag nrho cov kabmob muaj peev xwm ntawm lub hauv paus bearing txheej, tshuaj xyuas seb nws puas ua tau raws li qhov tam sim no tag nrho cov kev xav tau ntawm lub tsev, thiab txheeb xyuas qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm lub hauv paus tsis ruaj khov.

 

(2) Kev tshuaj xyuas tag nrho ntawm cov qauv tseem ceeb sab saud

Lub sab sauv lub ntsiab yog lub hauv paus ntawm tag nrho cov load- bearing peev xwm ntawm lub tsev. Kev ntsuam xyuas yog tsom rau kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov txheej txheem, kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom, thiab kev deformation tag nrho kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib tsoo tag nrho los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo thiab cov tshuab tsis tsim nyog.

Kev tshuaj xyuas cov txheej txheem: Tshawb xyuas seb qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsev (civ pob zeb / ncej / shear phab ntsa / steel ncej / raj) thiab cov txheej txheem kev teeb tsa (kab kab ke phab ntsa / ru tsev truss / pem teb slab) yog zoo ib yam nrog tus qauv tsim, thiab tshawb xyuas cov txheej txheem tsis xws luag (xws li cov nplhaib tsis muaj kab teeb / cov qauv thav duab, cov kab nrib pleb thiab cov kab nrib pleb)

Zuag qhia tag nrho geometric dimension nrhiav tau: kuaj tag nrho qhov siab, tag nrho cov plag tsev, tag nrho cov axis sib txawv, thiab pem teb qhov siab sib txawv ntawm lub tsev, thiab tshuaj xyuas tag nrho verticality ntawm kab, kab, thiab phab ntsa (tag nrho verticality sib txawv ntawm siab- nce vaj tse tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau H / 1000 thiab Less than los yog sib npaug ntawm lub tsev qhov siab);

Kev tshuaj xyuas tag nrho ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb: Tshawb xyuas cov khoom siv zog, kev txhawb zog / kev sib txuas, thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb raws li cov qauv tsim, nrog rau kev tsom mus rau qhov sib txuas ntawm cov khoom (xws li cov ncej nodes, phab ntsa junctions, lub ru tsev truss thiab kab txuas), thiab tshawb xyuas cov teeb meem xws li kev sib txuas xoob, tawg, thiab kev sib cais kom paub meej tias cov khoom siv;

Upper qauv tag nrho deformation nrhiav kom tau: siv tag nrho cov chaw nres tsheb los xyuas tag nrho cov inclination ntawm lub tsev thiab xam cov inclination tus nqi (tus qauv txwv: tag nrho inclination tus nqi ntawm pej xeem vaj tse Tsawg tshaj los yog sib npaug rau 0.004, siab - nce vaj tse tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 0.0025); Tshawb xyuas lub zuag qhia tag nrho deflection ntawm hauv pem teb thiab lub ru tsev, thiab tshawb xyuas qhov teeb meem ntawm tag nrho cov deflection deformation ntau dhau;

Kev tshawb xyuas tag nrho ntawm cov khoom puas tsuaj: soj ntsuam cov kab nrib pleb hauv cov qauv sab saud (qhov chaw, kev taw qhia, qhov dav, kev faib tawm), sib txawv ntawm cov kab nrib pleb tshwm sim los ntawm tag nrho cov kev sib haum xeeb thiab cov kab nrib pleb hauv cheeb tsam, sau cov kev faib tawm ntawm cov khoom puas, thiab ntsuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm tag nrho cov qauv.

 

(3) Kev tshuaj xyuas tag nrho ntawm lub kaw lus thiab cov khoom siv ntxiv

Txawm hais tias lub kaw lus thiab cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv tsis tuaj yeem nqa lub ntsiab, lawv cuam tshuam rau tag nrho kev nyab xeeb thiab kav ntev ntawm lub tsev. Kev tshawb nrhiav tsom mus rau kev sib txuas nrog cov qauv tseem ceeb thiab nws txoj kev ncaj ncees kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj loj thib ob uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib cais lossis kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov tshuab txuas ntxiv.

Kev tshuaj xyuas cov qauv hauv tsev: tshuaj xyuas cov txheej txheem ntawm cov hlua khi ntawm cov phab ntsa infill, sab nrauv phab ntsa, parapets, thiab cov qauv tseem ceeb, xyuas cov kab nrib pleb, tilting, thiab detachment ntawm cov phab ntsa thaiv, tshuaj xyuas kev ncaj ncees ntawm lub ru tsev waterproofing thiab rwb thaiv tsev txheej, thiab ntsuam xyuas cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov ntaub thaiv npog ntawm lub ntsiab qauv;

Kev kuaj cov qauv kev pabcuam: kuaj qhov kev ntseeg tau ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom pabcuam xws li balconies, canopies, eaves, billboards, thiab cua txias brackets, kuaj xyuas qhov xoob, deformation, thiab corrosion, txheeb xyuas tag nrho cov kabmob muaj peev xwm ntawm cov koom haum pabcuam, thiab tsis txhob detachment;

Kev txhawb nqa kev tshawb nrhiav: txheeb xyuas cov kav dej ntawm cov dej thiab cov dej ntws, hluav taws xob, thiab HVAC systems, tshawb xyuas cov kav dej xau thiab corrosion uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov qauv tseem ceeb, thiab ntsuas kev sib koom tes ntawm kev txhawb nqa thiab tag nrho lub tsev.

 

(4) Kev tsom xam thiab kev txheeb xyuas tag nrho cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov tsev

Raws li yav dhau los ntawm -cov ntaub ntawv tshuaj xyuas qhov chaw, kev tshaj lij cov qauv kev suav software (PKPM/YJK/MIDAS) yog siv rau tag nrho cov qauv thiab kev txheeb xyuas, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txheeb xyuas qhov txuas ntawm lub tsev tshuaj xyuas tag nrho, zam qhov kev txwv ntawm ib qho kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom pov thawj:

Kev suav tag nrho: suav tag nrho cov khoom tuag (cov qauv ntawm tus kheej qhov hnyav, txheej txheej kho kom zoo nkauj, cov khoom siv txheej) thiab cov khoom siv nyob (cov neeg coob coob, cov khoom siv, daus load / cua load / av qeeg load) ntawm lub tsev, coj tus nqi tiag tiag raws li qhov tshwj xeeb tam sim no, thiab xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom siv suav nrog cov khoom siv tam sim no ntawm lub tsev;

Zuag qhia tag nrho cov kabmob muaj peev xwm pov thawj: Tsim ib lub tsev tag nrho cov qauv qauv, txheeb xyuas tag nrho cov ntsug thiab kab rov tav bearing muaj peev xwm, soj ntsuam seb lub zuag qhia tag nrho cov qauv ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj cov kabmob, thiab txheeb xyuas qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm tag nrho cov saw tsis ua haujlwm los ntawm cov kabmob tsis txaus ntawm cov khoom hauv zos;

Zuag qhia tag nrho kev ruaj ntseg tsom xam: Txheeb xyuas lub tsev muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kev thim rov qab, zawv zawg, thiab kev hloov pauv mus rau sab nraud, nrog rau kev tsom mus rau kev txheeb xyuas tag nrho kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov tsev siab - nce siab, loj - cov vaj tse loj, thiab cov tsev tsis sib xws, thiab txheeb xyuas qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsis ruaj khov;

Kev tshuaj xyuas kev sib koom tes ntawm cov khoom siv: Txheeb xyuas qhov sib koom tes kev ntxhov siab ntawm kab teeb, kab, kab, phab ntsa, hauv paus thiab sab sauv, thiab cov ntaub thaiv npog thiab cov qauv tseem ceeb, tshawb xyuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev ntxhov siab cuam tshuam los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo, thiab xyuas kom meej tias kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm tag nrho cov kev ntxhov siab.

 

(5) Kev txheeb xyuas tag nrho ntawm cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb

Raws li kev siv cov xwm txheej thiab kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig ntawm lub tsev, lub hom phiaj kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas yuav raug ua kom npog tag nrho kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub tsev raws li kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb.

Zuag qhia tag nrho seismic kev ua tau zoo (yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv seismic fortification cheeb tsam): tshuaj xyuas cov seismic fortification qeb thiab qib ntawm lub tsev, ntsuam xyuas tag nrho cov layout thiab kev ncaj ncees ntawm seismic structural ntsuas (ring beams / cov qauv kab / khi tuav / seismic pob qij txha), xyuas tag nrho seismic bearing peev xwm ntawm lub tsev, thiab evasion ntawm lub tsev.

Tom qab kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub tsev tshuaj xyuas tag nrho: Tom qab hluav taws kub, tshuaj xyuas qhov kev puas tsuaj tag nrho rau cov khoom siv, txo cov khoom siv zog, thiab ntsuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem; Tshawb xyuas qhov kev sib tsoo tag nrho ntawm cov tuam tsev thiab kev faib tawm ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom tom qab av qeeg los txiav txim seb lawv puas tuaj yeem kho; Tshawb xyuas qhov softening ntawm lub hauv paus thiab corrosion ntawm cov khoom tom qab dej nyab, thiab soj ntsuam tag nrho cov stability;

Kev txheeb xyuas tag nrho ntawm qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm thaj chaw ib puag ncig: Rau cov tsev nyob ib puag ncig lub hauv paus pits / subway kev tsim kho, ntev -lub sij hawm kev sib hais / qaij xyuas cov ntsiab lus raug teeb tsa los taug qab thiab txheeb xyuas tag nrho cov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub tsev, txheeb xyuas tag nrho cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm lub hauv paus thiab cov qauv sab saud, thiab ceeb toom raws sijhawm ntawm kev nyab xeeb;

Tag nrho cov kav ntev: Rau cov tsev nyob rau hauv ntug dej hiav txwv / tshuaj ib puag ncig, tag nrho cov carbonation qhov tob ntawm cov pob zeb, tag nrho corrosion tus nqi ntawm steel tuav, thiab tag nrho cov aging℃ntawm anti-corrosion coatings ntawm steel qauv raug soj ntsuam los soj ntsuam tag nrho durability ntawm lub tsev thiab kwv yees lub neej kev pab cuam seem;

Kev txheeb xyuas tag nrho ntawm kev hloov pauv kev ua haujlwm: Ua ntej kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tuam tsev mus rau hauv kev lag luam lossis lub tsev tsim khoom, tag nrho cov kabmob muaj peev xwm, kev khiav tawm, thiab kev tiv thaiv hluav taws ntawm lub tsev yuav tsum raug kuaj xyuas raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov haujlwm tshiab kom ntseeg tau tias lawv ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov kev hloov pauv tshiab.

 

 

Kev ntsuas tag nrho yog nyob ntawm - qhov ntsuas qhov chaw, kev tsim qauv tag nrho, thiab kev tshuaj xyuas dav dav, ua ke nrog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsis yog- kev kuaj kev puas tsuaj raws li txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb thiab kev kuaj xyuas micro puas tsuaj raws li txoj hauv kev pabcuam, kom ntseeg tau qhov tseeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas thiab qhov tseeb ntawm cov txiaj ntsig kev soj ntsuam. Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb yog raws li nram no:

Geometric ntsuas txoj kev: theem (kev daws teeb meem), tag nrho qhov chaw nres tsheb (tilt / verticality / axis offset), laser rangefinder (loj), kav (loj verticality);

Khoom siv lub zog kuaj txoj kev: rebound txoj kev, ultrasonic rebound txheej txheem (pob zeb / masonry zog), Leeb hardness txoj kev (steel zog), core drilling txoj kev (micro puas, tshuaj xyuas cov khoom siv zog);

Kev kuaj xyuas qhov tsis xws luag: kuaj ultrasonic (weld / pawg kev ncaj ncees), kev tshuaj xyuas qhov muag + kev yees duab thiab kaw cov yeeb yaj kiab (kev tawg / puas tsuaj), hauv av nkag mus radar (cov hauv paus hauv av tsis xws luag);

Bearing muaj peev xwm kuaj txoj kev: static load test (foundation/pile foundation bearing capacity), structural calculation software modeling and verification (tag nrho cov kabmob muaj peev xwm / ruaj khov);

Kev soj ntsuam txoj hauv kev: Teeb tsa kev sib hais / qaij saib xyuas cov ntsiab lus luv luv -lub sij hawm / ntev- lub sij hawm dynamic xyuas, txheeb xyuas deformation txoj kev loj hlob;

Cov txheej txheem kev tshuaj xyuas zoo: Kev sib xyaw ntawm -cov ntaub ntawv tshuaj xyuas qhov chaw, cov ntaub ntawv tsim, thiab kev siv cov xwm txheej, siv cov qauv tsim qauv thiab kev tshuaj xyuas software los ntsuas qhov kev nyab xeeb tag nrho ntawm lub tsev.

 

 

Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tag nrho ntawm cov tsev yog raws li cov qauv tam sim no, nrog rau peb -qib kev ntsuam xyuas los ntawm cov khoom, subunits, thiab cov ntsuas ntsuas. Qhov kawg tag nrho cov kev nyab xeeb theem yog muab, thiab lub hom phiaj thiab cov tswv yim tuav tswv yim yog npaj. Cov txiaj ntsig kev ntsuam xyuas qib yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev siv lub tsev, kho, thiab kev txhawb nqa.